Defination:

Makharij is the plural of Makhrij, means articulation points of the letters, from where the letter is being originated.

Points of Pronunciation:

We have 17 Makharij (Articulation Points of Letters) as some of the letters have same Makhraj.

There are 6 throttler Letters whereas; we get 3 Makharij after dividing throat in 3 parts.

1. Hamza and Haa ء ه: Originate from the bottom of the throat.
2. Ain and Haa ع ح: Originate from the middle of the throat.
3. Ghain Kha غ خ: Originate from the top of the throat.
4. Qaaf ق: is pronounced when the very extreme back of the tongue touches the palate close to the uvula.
5. Kaaf ك: is pronounced when the back of the tongue touches the palate, a little closer to the front.
6. Jeem Sheen and Yaa ج ش ي: There are pronounced when the center/middle of the tongue touches the opposite palate.

Some of the letters are being pronounced from our teeth, where we need to learn the Names of teeth. Looking at the following structure of teeth try to learn the names of teeth.

7. Dhwaad ض: it is pronounced when the back upturned edges/side of the tongue ;the right, left or both sides, touches the roots of the molars and premolars and wisdom teeth but it is easy to pronounce from the left.
8. Laam ل: is pronounced when the edges/sides of the tongue touch the gums of upper premolars one side to the upper premolars on the other side.
9. Noon ن: is pronounced when the edges of the tongue touch the gums of upper canine one side to the upper canine on the other side
10. Raa ر: when the edges of the tongue , including the tip touch the gums of lateral and central incisors.

The last three Makharij could be pronounced from the right, left or both sides but it is easy to pronounce it from right side.

11. Twaa,Daal and Taa ط د ت: These are articulated when the tip of the tongue touches the roots of the upper central incisors.
12. Thwaa,Thaal and thaa ظ ذ ث: These are articulated when the tip of the tongue touches the edges of the upper central incisors.
13. Swaad,Zaa and Seen ص ز س: These are produced when the tip of the tongue touches the edges of the lower central incisors along with the upper central incisors.
14. Ba,Meem and Waw ب م و: Meem is pronounced from the dry portion of the lips and Ba is from the wet portion of the lips,while,Waw is pronounced with incomplete meeting and rolling the lips.
15. Faa ف: is pronounced when the inner center of the bottom lip touches the edge of the upper incisors.
16. Long vowels(Madda Letters) and short vowels(Fatha,Dhamma and Kasra): are articulated from the empty space of the mouth.
17. Nasal sound,Ikhfa and Idgham of Meem and Noon are articulated from the nasal cavity, means from the empty space in the nose.